Cadbury Dairy Milk Essay Example for Free

Cadbury Dairy Milk Essay Fair Trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing their rights of, disadvantaged producers and workers especially in the South (FINE, 2001). Fair Trade certified producer organizations must comply with a number of requirements, related to social, economic and environmental developments. In addition, labour conditions in these organizations must follow certain standards. The essential characteristic of Fair Trade cocoa is that producer organizations receive a higher price for their cocoa beans. The Fair Trade price represents the necessary condition for the producer organizations to have the financial ability to fulfil the above requirements, and to cover the certification fees. It is calculated on the basis of world market prices, plus fair trade premiums. The Fair Trade premium for standard quality cocoa is US$ 150 per tonne. The minimum price for Fair Trade standard quality cocoa, including the premium, is US$ 1,750 per tonne. Other benefits for certified producer organizations are better capacity building and market access. Presently, cocoa sold with the Fair Trade label still captures a very low share of the cocoa market (0. 5%). Organic cocoa and chocolate The organic cocoa market represents a very small share of the total cocoa market, estimated at less than 0. 5% of total production. ICCO estimates production of certified organic cocoa at 15,500 tonnes, sourced from the following countries: Madagascar, Tanzania, Uganda, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela, Fiji, India, Sri Lanka and Vanuatu. However, the demand for organic cocoa products is growing at a very strong pace, as consumers are increasingly concerned about the safety of their food supply along with other environmental issues. According to Euromonitor International, global organic chocolate sales were estimated to have increased from a value of US$ 171 million in 2002 to US$ 304 million in 2005. Certified organic cocoa producers must comply with all requirements associated with the legislation of importing countries on production of organic products. The benefit for cocoa farmers is that organic cocoa commands a higher price than conventional cocoa, usually ranging from US$ 100 to US$ 300 per tonne. However, originating countries with smaller volumes can fetch much higher premiums. This premium should cover both the cost of fulfilling organic cocoa production requirements and certification fees paid to certification bodies. | | | | The Indian Chocolate Industry has come a long way since long years. Ever since 1947 the Cadbury is in India, Cadbury chocolates have ruled the hearts of Indians with their fabulous taste. Indian Chocolate Industry’s Cadbury Company today employs nearly 2000 people across India. The company is one of the oldest and strongest players in the Indian confectionary industry with an estimated 68% value share and 62% volume share of the total chocolate market. It has exhibited continuously strong revenue growth of 34% and net profit growth of 24% throughout the 1990’s. The brand of Cadbury is known for its exceptional capabilities in product innovation, distribution and marketing. With brands like Dairy Milk, Gems, 5 Star, Bournvita, Perk, Celebrations, Bytes, Chocki, Delite and Temptations, there is a Cadbury offering to suit all occasions and moods. Today, the company reaches millions of loyal customers through a distribution network of 5. 5 lakhs outlets across the country and this number is increasing everyday. In 1946 the cadbury? s manufacturing operations started in mumbai, which was subsequently transferred to thane. In 1964, induri farm at talegaon, near pune was set up with a view to promote modern methods as well as improve milk yield. In 1981-82, a new chocolate manufacturing unit was set up in the same location in talegaon. The company, way back in 1964, pioneered cocoa farming in india to reduce dependence on imported cocoa beans. The parent company provided cocoa seeds and clonal materials free of cost for the first 8 years of operations. Cocoa farming is done in karnataka, kerala and tamil nadu. In 1977, the company also took steps to promote higher production of milk by setting up a subsidiary induri farms ltd. , near pune. In 1989, the company set up a new plant at malanpur, mp, to derive benefits available to the backward area. In 1995, cadbury expanded malanpur plant in a major way. The malanpur plant has modernized facilities for gems, eclairs, and perk etc. Cadbury operates as the third party operations at phalton, warana and nashik in maharashtra. These factories churn out close to 8,000 tonnes of chocolate annually. In response to rising demand in the chocolate industry and reduce dependency on imports, indian cocoa producers have planned to increase domestic cocoa production by 60% in the next four years. The indian market is thought to be worth some 15bn rupee (? 0. 25bn) and has been hailed as offering great potential for western chocolate manufacturers as the market is still in its early stages. Chocolate consumption is gaining popularity in india due to increasing prosperity coupled with a shift in food habits, pushing up the countrys cocoa imports. Firms across the country have announced plans to step-up domestic production from 10,000 tonnes to 16,000 tonnes, according to reuters. To secure good quality raw material in the long term, private players like cadbury india are encouraging cocoa cultivation, the news agency said. Cocoa requirement is growing around 15% annually and will reach about 30,000 tonnes in the next 5 years. brief introduction indian chocolate industry as today is dominated by two companies, both multinationals. The market leader is cadbury with a lions share of 70%. The companys brands like five star, gems, eclairs, perk, dairy milk are leaders in their segments. Untill early 90s, cadbury had a market share of over 80 %, but its party was spoiled when nestle appeared on the scene. The other one has introduced its international brands in the country (kit kat, lions), and now commands approximately 15% market share. The two companies operating in the segment are gujarat co-operative milk marketing federation (gcmmf) and central arecanut and cocoa manufactures and processors co-operation (campco). Competition in the segment will soonly get keener as overseas chocolate giants hersheys and mars consolidate to grab a bite of the indian chocolate pie. The uk based confectionery giant, cadbury is a dominant player in the indian chocolate market and the company expects the energy glucose variant of its popular perk brand to be singularly responsible for adding five per cent annually to the size of the company? s market share. market capitalization The indian candy market is currently valued at around $664 million, with about 70% share ($ 461 million) in sugar confectionery and the remaining 30% ($ 203 million) in chocolate confectionery. Indian chocolate industry is estimated at us$ 400 million and growing at 18% per annum. Cadbury has over 70 % share in this market, and recorded a turnover of over us$ 37m in 2008. size of the industry The size of the market for chocolates in india was estimated at 30,000 tonnes in 2008. Bars of moulded chocolates like amul, milk chocolate, dairy milk, truffle, nestle premium, and nestle milky bar comprise the largest segment, accounting for 37% of the total market in terms of volume. The chocolate market in india has a production volume of 30,800 tonnes. The chocolate segment is characterized by high volumes, huge expenses on advertising, low margins, and price sensitivity. the count segment is the next biggest segment, accounting for 30% of the total chocolate market. The count segment has been growing at a faster pace during the last three years driven by growth in perk and kitkat volumes. Wafer chocolates such as kit kat and perk also belong to this segment. Panned chocolates accounts for 10% of the total market. The chocolate market today is primarily dominated by cadbury and nestle, together accounting for 90% of the market. major players †¢cadbury? s india limited †¢nestle india †¢gujarat co-operative milk marketing federation †¢cocoa manufactures and processors co-operative (campco) †¢bars count lines wafer panned premium †¢cadbury? s dairy milk variants †¢5-star, milk †¢amul milk chocolate †¢treat perk gems, †¢tiffins temptation celebrations †¢nestle milky bar bar one. latest developments †¢chocolate-lovers may soon find their chocolate dearer if the problems plaguing the industry continue. Raw material costs have risen by more than 20 % in the last few years. Although retail prices have not increased, a rise in input costs will force the manufacturers to consider a price hike. the bigger players in the country such as cadbury, which leads the rs 2,500 crore chocolate markets in india with a share of 72%, will find it easier to absorb the surge in input costs as it has products at various price points in the market, said industry experts. Cadbury may also opt for a price hike, albeit marginal, if the current trend continues. Indian chocolate industry? s margin range between 10 and 20%, depending on the price point at which the product is placed. The input costs in india are under check owing to the 24% decline in the prices of sugar. †¢the world? s leading manufacturer of high quality cocoa and chocolate products barry callebaut, has announced the opening of its first, state-of the art, chocolate academy in mumbai, india in july 2007. †¢according to the analysis of the international market intelligence provider euromonitor, the relatively small indian chocolate market with volumes of about 55,000 metric tonnes of chocolate and compound per year is expected to grow on average per year by around 17. 8% between 2008 and 2012. Ferrero the italian confectionery giant of $8 billion has planned up for a new production facility in maharashtra with an investment of over $125 million to whip up some of its popular brands that include rocher and kinder. INDIAN CHOCOLATE INDUSTRY AT A GLANCE IN 2011 -2012 | Chocolate market in India is estimated to be around 1500 crores according to A C Nielson report, growing at 18-20% per annum. Cadbury is the market leader with 72% market share of India. The per capita consumption of chocolate in India is 300 gram compared with 1. 9 kilograms in developed markets such as the United Kingdom. Over 70 per cent of the consumption takes place in the urban markets of India. Margins in the chocolate industry range between 10 and 20 per cent, depending on the price point at which the product is placed. Chocolate sales have risen by 15% in recent years to reach 36000 tonnes according to one estimate. Another estimate puts the figure at 25000 tonnes. | | The chocolate wafer market in India is around 35 % of the total chocolate market and has been growing at around 13% annually. As per a study, the Indian candy market is currently valued at around USD 664 million, with about 70%, or USD 461 million, in sugar confectionery and the remaining 30%, or USD 203 million, in chocolate confectionery. The global chocolate market is worth $75 billion annually. | | Chocolate Market in India Facts Figures 1. Chocolate market is estimated to be around 1500 crores (ACNielson) growing at 18-20% per annum 2. Cadbury is the market leader with 72% market share 3. The per capita consumption of chocolate in India is 300 gram compared with 1. 9 kilograms in developed markets such as the United Kingdom 4. Over 70 per cent of the consumption takes place in the urban markets 5. Margins in the chocolate industry range between 10 and 20 per cent, depending on the price point at which the product is placed 6. Chocolate sales have risen by 15% in 2007 to reach 36000 tonnes according to one estimate. Another estimate puts the figure at 25000 tonnes 7. The chocolate wafer market (Ulta Perk etc) is around 35 % of the total chocolate market and has been growing at around 13% annually 8. As per Euromonitor study, Indian candy market is currently valued at around USD 664 million, with about 70%, or USD 461 million, in sugar confectionery and the remaining 30%, or USD 203 million, in chocolate confectionery 9. Entire Celebrations range marketshare is 6. 5% 10. The global chocolate market is worth $75 billion annually Companies 1. The chocolate market in India has only three big players, Cadbury, Nestle and Amul 2. New brands such as Sweet World, Candico and Chocolatiers are present in several malls 3. The largest target segment for Cadbury is youth 4. Delhi-based Chocolatiers, started with a small shop in south Delhi’s Chittaranjan Park and has now ventured into malls and multiplexes in NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore, with focus on high-end or designer chocolates, a niche market of their own 5. Candico India is aiming for 400 locations across malls and multiplexes in the country by 2010. Companies Brands 1. Cadbury Cadbury, 5 Star, Bytes (chocolate snack), Celebration, Dairy Milk, Gems, Perk 2. Nestle Bar One, Kit Kat, Milkybar, Munch, Nestle 3. Amul Amul (Chocozoo, Chocomines) 4. Dairy Milk is the market leader 5. 5 Star (heritage brand which came to India in 1969) has a marketshare of over 14% Consumer Trends 1. Mithai- the traditional Indian sweats is getting substituted by chocolates among upwardly mobile Indians. Instead of buying sweats on Raksha Bandhan, sisters prefer offering chocolates to their brothers. This is the reason for sudden spurt in advertisement between July Sep by most of the companies 2. The range and variety of chocolates available in malls seems to be growing day by day, which leads to lot of impulse sales for chocolate companies 3. Chocolates which use to be unaffordable, is now considered mid-priced. Convenience over Mithai in terms of packaging and shelf life in making both middle class and rich Indians opt for chocolates 4. Designer chocolates have become status symbols. They are linked to one’s aspiration and lifestyle and malls are perfect points of sale as people usually are happy and gay at these destinations 5. Cadbury initial communication for Celebrations was concentrated on occasions like Diwali and Rakshabandhan. Over the last seven to eight years, the brand emerged as a good gift proposition for occasions and enabled people to come closer. Research done by Cadbury suggested that they should extend the plank of occasion-based gifting to social gifting i. e. all-year-round gifting options 6. Consumers can choose from wide range of chocolates, which initially was limited to Milk chocolates like DairyMilk and MilkyBar. In past few years we have seen so many SKUs with almonds, raisins and all sort of nuts. And how can we forget latest 5 star crunchy and Ulta Perk, which has opened new windows for consumers 7. In past, consumers had negligible inclination for dark chocolates. But now we have seen a change in the Indian palate, which is increasing the base of this sub-segment Advertisement Trends (AdEx division of TAM Media Research) 1. Chocolate advertising rose by 30 per cent during January-November 2007 compared to January-November 2006 2. Maximum chocolate advertising was during Raksha Bandhan across 2005 and 2006 and January-November 2007 3. As expected chocolate advertising skewed towards kids channels and regional GEC took the second position 4. Cadbury India Ltd rules chocolate advertising on television 5. 17 per cent more advertising during third quarter 2007 (Raksha Bandhan festival) compared to first quarter 2007 6. Regional GEC took the second place with a 21 per cent share ad volumes of chocolates, followed by Hindi movie with 13 per cent share during January-November 2007 7. Among regional GEC, maximum advertising of chocolates was on Malayalam and Bengali channels 8. Cadbury India Ltd was way ahead of its peers with 66 per cent share followed by Nestle India Ltd and Parle Products Pvt Ltd during January-November 2007 9. During January-November 2007 the number of new chocolate brands advertised decreased to seven from 12 during 2006 10. Nestle Munch Pop Chocolate led the chart of new chocolate brands advertised on television during January-November 2007 Some BTL Activities 1. Cadbury India has tied up with leading coffee chain Cafe Coffee Day for direct sampling of the product in top cities External Environment 1. The prices of cocoa and milk, the chief ingredients used in chocolates, have gone up by 50 per cent, while the price of sugar, another important raw material, has come down. The overall input costs have gone up by 20 per cent. If the prices of these commodities keep increasing, companies will be forced to increase the prices. India imports most of its cocoa requirements. The prices of cocoa have risen globally due to unavailability of the commodity 2. US-based chocolate-maker Hersheys is mulling a foray into the Indian chocolate market through its joint venture with Godrej Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk Cadbury Dairy Milk has captured the heart of Indian consumers for over six decades; but there was room for a more premium entrant in the category. And enter CDM Silk. Most CDM lovers thought that nothing could taste better, but CDM Silk came as a welcome surprise! It is creamier, smoother, and tastier. Its dome shaped cubes pack more chocolate and hence provide a superior eat experience. Launched in January 2010, with a tantalizing taste that tempts the taste buds, CDM Silk delivered an exquisite chocolate eating experience in the Indian market. Our Advertising: The advertising highlights the joy of savoring CDM Silk and builds on its creamy and smooth experience that instantly melts in your mouth. This brand promise was beautifully captured by the tagline `Have You Felt Silk Lately? ’ The campaign comprised of three commercials which showcased different protagonists indulging and savoringCadbury Dairy Milk Silk chocolate, with innocence and unabashed joy, unmindful of their surroundings.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald with notes and preface by Matthew J. Bruccoli   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book many major characters were introduced some of which include: Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Jordan Baker, along with George and Myrtle Wilson. Jay Gatsby is the main protagonist of the story. While being famous for his lavish parties he also portrays a sense of mystery and uncertainty regarding his wealth. Nick Carraway is neighbors with Jay Gatsby and has just moved from Minnesota in hopes to learn the business of bonds and advance even more in his education. Daisy Buchanan is the woman, which Gatsby desperately desires to have. Daisy had promised to wait for Gatsby but her love for luxury and wealth was too great. Daisy then goes on to marry Tom Buchanan. Jordan Baker is involved with Nick Carraway romantically; she portrays a new woman of the 1920s and cannot at times be trusted. Tom Buchanan at one point went to school with Nick Carraway. Tom has his suspicions of Daisy’s relationship with Gatsby and questions the possibility of Daisy having an affair. George and Myrtle Wilson are husband and wife but Myrtle has a lover who is Tom Buchanan. George is incredible upset with Myrtle’s death and continues to kill Gatsby who took the blame for Myrtle’s death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel takes place in the summer time somewhere around 1922. The location where the story takes place occurs in Long Island and New York City, New York. The mood of the story has an elegant yet emotional feel almost throughout the whole book. The emotional side is perfectly demonstrated by the amount of drama that goes on with Gatsby and Daisy relationship. While the elegant side is clearly demonstrated by the lavish parties thrown by Gatsby himself and the coveted East Egg side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the book we learn that Gatsby and Nick Carraway are neighbors and that Nick has connections with some of the people in the East Egg side. Later on Nick attends a dinner with Tom and Daisy Buchanan where he learns details of Tom and Daisy’s marriage. While at the dinner Nick is introduced to a woman named Jordan Baker. Words are passed between the two concerning others relationships. Next Nick engages in a party thrown by Jay Gatsby. During the party Nick learns of Gatsby’s past then he goes on to learn his plans for the near future.

Ethics Final

Humans decided to start categorizing, and grouping humans based on various things. Research shows that man is of but one kind, and not like an animal of several species (Schaefer, R, T. (2006).. Humans have assumed that because people with different skin color, different cultural beliefs, or different ways of thinking that they must be of a different biological race (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Society has created everything from what foods to eat, what music to listen to, to what they teach their children and true generations about acceptance of each other and passing on racial beliefs.Politicians and people of wealth have been notorious for labeling groups and racial profiling to get the higher up so to speak, or to create justification in the community. Race began simply a categorization of physical biological characteristics such as hair type, shape of the eyes and nose, and skin color (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). White was white, and black was black; then came the categorizing of additi onal attributes such as afro-textured hair and large noses on African Americans, or olive skin, slanted yes, and shiny Jet black hair in Asians.Biologically speaking there is nothing as simple as black and white. For many, many years people have relocated or traveled all over the world and mingled and procreated with other races which has now mixed traits, and been passed down generation after generation. It seems virtually Impossible to truly Identify a person's race, because I find It hard to believe there would be any â€Å"purebreds† during this day and age. 2. How has the media contributed to prejudice and discrimination against Asian Americans? How might these problems be remedied?The media has contributed to the prejudice and discrimination against Asian American in several ways that demonstrate insensitivity and biased reporting. According to our textbook, the media has had a negative Impact on the views of Aslant Americans by using Inappropriate clicks, mistaken Iden tity, personalization, using ethnic slurs, biased and inflammatory reporting, bashing their native Japan, media Invisibility, and even model minority which sets the positive standards of Aslant Americans too high (Schaefer, R, T. (2006).Stereotyping them as a â€Å"model minority† creases tenet chances AT acceptance when It comes to social programs, employment, and other social ills (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Asian Americans are often times viewed as well-educated and successful. Little does society notice that these Asian Americans do not normally hold high corporate positions, rather they are running their small own business and employ their family, taking care of one another as best they can. The media and even entertainment honchos never embrace Asian Americans as athletes or potential celebrities with mainstream roles. AsianAmericans are never heard and asked for their input when the media is addressing problems in their community, as well when it comes to issues regarding Asia (Schaefer, R, T. (2006). These problems of negative portrayal against Asian Americans held by the media can be remedied by first of all overcoming the idea that they are a â€Å"model minority' and realize that they work hard, love their families, sought the United States to live the â€Å"American Dream† and try to escape poverty. The media can choose their words wisely refraining from any slur words or phrases such as â€Å"Asian Invasion† or â€Å"OrientExpress†. The media should also express the increased population in areas of heavy Asian descent I also believe the media should tell or write stories of influence such as Asian Americans striving in America, working 7 days a week to make ends meet. I think the media should exploit the poverty side of the Asian American community to help decrease the model minority views so they may be eligible for more minority programs. References Schaefer, R, T. (2006). Racial and ethnic groups (10th deed. ). Upper S addle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Ideal. Flawless. Unrivaled. Quintessential. Too good to be...

Ideal. Flawless. Unrivaled. Quintessential. Too good to be true. Perfect. In addition to being synonyms of one another, all of the aforementioned words share one similar and unique characteristic – they all describe utopian societies. A utopia is generally defined as a ‘perfect world’. In this type of society, every individual is equal and the woes of humanity – greed, war, starvation – are nonexistent. However, this type of world can be found in an often-criticized government – socialism. Generally speaking, a socialist society is one in which the community owns and controls its assets as a whole. Thus, the two types of societies share many similarities. Furthermore, utopian societies are, in principle, most similar to socialist†¦show more content†¦The same groups fled religious persecution and found a new home, of sorts, in America. The first utopian experiment in America began in 1732 when the Ephrata Community was established in Pennsylvania. This society practiced communal living and, even though it eventually ended in failure as a result of typhus, their expansions of utopian ideals inspired further experiments (â€Å"Utopias†). The next wave of utopian communities in America was inspired by the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment. Due to the guarantee of religious freedom, as promised by the First Amendment, many persecuted European groups flocked to the United States. These settlers eventually formed â€Å"self-containing religious or secular communities, agrarian and largely communal in nature, far removed from the perceived vices found in the overcrowded cities†, most notably the Shakers, Rappites, the Perfectionists of the Oneida Community, the experiment at Brook Farm and the Amana Colony of the Inspirationists (â€Å"Utopias†). While these communities achieved early success, it would not last. Due to social changes, such as industrialization and increased hostility towards th eir communities, all of the experiments ended in failure. The overarching reason for their demises was that they were too separate from the rest of society and thus they could not alter their ways of life in order to sustain their communities when it mattered most (â€Å"Utopias†). The foundations

Hugo Chavez and Venezuela Essay - 1210 Words

Venezuela’s political prospects changed in 1999 when Hugo Chavez became president. Starting his presidency, Chavez created a new constitution for Venezuela, and the country’s name was changed to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Since then, the country had a total change as it underwent a system of socialism, as the oil company and many other private businesses were nationalized. In this socialist system, revenues generated from the oil industry were invested in social programs to help the country’s poorer population. On the other hand, Chavez confiscated many properties from those of the middle and upper class, transferring them to state ownership, and also created animosity with other nations, defying them in many†¦show more content†¦dollar in February (â€Å"Venezuela More Equal, Less Stable†). Critics say Chavez was an economy destroyer as he nationalized most companies while interfering in others, thereby scaring off and reducing foreign investment (â€Å"The Many Ways to See Chavez†). Similarly, oil specialists in Venezuela were fired by Chavez and replaced by his followers, the party loyalists. Foreign oil contracts were completely changed or were cancelled, making investment in Venezuela a risky business for international firms (â€Å"The Many Ways to See Chavez†). Kathryn Rooney Vera of the investment banking firm Bulltick Capital reported to CNN that â€Å"These factors have really led to shortages in basic staples. Venezuelans, for example, have suffered from a lack of, in some cases, baby diapers, or flour, or corn meal ... so this is just an example of the distortions in the economy that have been a result of Chavismo. Such is also the case according to a report issued by The Human Rights Watch, which claimed that Chavez was stifling the ability of journalists, human rights defenders, and other Venezuelans to exercise their fundamental rights (â€Å"Enemy of Human Rights†). It is not only Venezuelans and critics who see Chavez as an evil person, but economists feel the same way about him. The Economist’s Victor Alvarez, a former Minister of basicShow MoreRelated The Role of President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela Essays4884 Words   |  20 PagesThe Role of President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela Introduction Venezuela is a late bloomer in regard to having complete independence and in terms of running its own democratic government. Right now, the Venezuelan people are in the midst of the same debate that has historically plagued countries all over the world; the country is torn between class lines and is another classic example of the haves versus the have-nots. 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Separation of Powers in the Constitution - 895 Words

The Separation of Powers was simply created to establish a system of checks and balances so that no one particular division of the government could solely control all of our nations business. This makes is so the President does not have dictatorial control. Congress has a form of checked power so they cannot make unfair laws. The Judicial Branch is then not allowed to exceed the power that is given to them by law. It’s a system â€Å"Of the people, by the people, and for the people† allowing us as the people to be the unmentioned fourth branch of the government. Since we as a people elect our representatives, that allows us to change our form of government and provide the best checks and balances we can to our government and its†¦show more content†¦Congress enacts legislation, which the president must sign into law or veto. The Supreme Court can declare laws passed by Congress and signed by the president unconstitutional, but the president appoints the j ustices and all the other federal judges, with the Senate’s approval. So that means that the President administers the laws, and Congress then provides the money in which to run the government. This also means that the Senate and the House of Representatives have absolute veto power over each other, the reason for that is because both houses must approve the bill before they can become law. Each branch has some authority over each other but at the same time each has political independence from one another. The Judiciary has become such an invaluable part of our system of checks and balances so much so that many other nations have adopted this approach. In places such as Canada, Germany, France, Italy and Spain the constitutional courts review the laws that are referred to them to ensure that the laws comply with their constitutions. The framers clearly indented that the Supreme Court have the power to declare state legislation unconstitutional, but whether they meant to give it the same power over congressional legislation and the president remain unclear. The constitutional framers were very careful to limit the powers they gave the national government, they did however meet in Philadelphia to create a stronger nationalShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution and the Separation of Powers579 Words   |  2 PagesOne of the earliest ideas of separating powers came in the 1600’s and is evidenced by the idea that the parliament then is what we would consider today as being the Legislative branch of government since it was in charge of taxes. To be a king in those days would be similar to the Executive branch, as the king conducted wars and enforced the law. However, credit is often given to Baron de Montesquieu, a French philosopher. 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International Expansion of an E-Tailer free essay sample

International Expansion of an e-tailer „We seek to be Earth ? s most customer-centric company for three primary customer sets: consumer customers, seller customers and developer customers. † The story of Amazon. com is a marvelous successful one. A company ? s biography which since the foundation in 19941 (followed by webpage launch one year later in 19952) became the world’s market leader in e-tailing by fully focusing on customer satisfaction and consequently aligning all organization activities, such as for example corporate strategy as well as technological portfolio, towards the consumer needs. From day one Jeff Bezos leads Amazon. com with a conspicuous overall philosophy of customer orientation and the strategic decision to focus on an increasing market share, instead of stock profits after Amazon went public (IPO) in 19973. Under consideration of these company’s aims, a powerful corporate structure has been built which became source of the flourishing first years in the US market (1995-1998) and also, specifying this as the crucial learning years in terms of consumer requirements and behavior, the preparation and basis for the future expansion. We will write a custom essay sample on International Expansion of an E-Tailer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Cochran, customer satisfaction is a strategic decision and â€Å"the ultimate goal† of an organization – adequate investments and the full involvement of all employees are necessarily crucial. For the measurement and organization around the subject of customer satisfaction, numerous tools are available, such as reports, client comments, complaint processes and surveys representing elementary solutions for all kind of company-sizes and business4 as well as more sophisticated and comprehensive processes, such as the Balanced Scorecard5. However enterprises cover this part of their relationship towards customers, satisfaction ever has to be managed methodically, continuously, substance and process-broadly as well as differentiated by segments and target groups. 6 As a result of my research, no detailed and reliable information related to the customer relationship satisfaction management of Amazon are available – nevertheless, Bezos has a clear picture of the customer needs and remains of the conviction that at Amazon they get exactly what they want: â€Å"selection, low prices, and fast delivery†. Consequently, for instance even the logo of Amazon has a relation to the organizations key objective of customer satisfaction8 and finally the overall strategy converts into measurable excellent results, such as the ACSI (American Customer Satisfaction Index) scale in which Amazon constantly ranks under the top best since the establishment of the â€Å"Internet Retail† category in 2000. 9 Exhibit A contains a division table which, on one hand, imparts a better visual understanding of the historical development that took place and, on the other hand, demonstrates how ambitious this sector is performing in the area of customer satisfaction – currently, but also within the prior years of internet boom. Impressively, Amazon. com ranked first in 7 out of 11 years in which this Index category has been tracked. Displacement of the first position appeared only in 3 specific cases, such as barnesandnobel. om (strongest competitor in the US with the objective to keep up with